Tense 时态
Preview
| Past | Present | Future |
| Past simple 一般过去
Past continuous 过去进行
|
Present simple 一般现在
Present continuous 现在进行 Present perfect 现在完成时 Present perfect continuous 现在完成进行时 |
按时间节点划分
Past
Past simple 一般过去
Irregular verbs:
| begin → began
break → broke bring brought build built buy bought catch caught come came do did drink drank eat ate |
fall fell
find found fly flew forget forgot get got give gave go went have had hear heard know knew |
leave left
lose lost make made meet met pay paid put put read read* ring rang say said see saw |
sell sold
sit sat sleep slept speak spoke stand stood take took tell told think thought win won write wrote |
Past continuous 过去进行
was/were doing
过去某一时刻发生的可延续动作
Jack was reading a book when the phone rang.
用法二
过去某一时间段所发生的事
Jack began reading before the phone rang.
Compare
给定时间段大于动作持续时间——一般过去时
Present
Present simple 一般现在
Used for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all the time.
always/never/often/usually/sometimes + present simple
Present continuous 现在进行
am/is/are + doing
Used at the time of speaking, now. 表示现在说话的这一时刻
以下词汇没有进行时
believe, mean, know / understand; like / love / prefer / hate, want / need, remember / forget, depend
但是think, feel有
“How are you feeling?” “Not too bad, but I’ve still got a slight headache.”
He’s still feeling a little weak after his operation.
By midday, we were really feeling (= suffering from) the heat.
Present perfect 现在完成时
Used when an action happened in the past having a result now.
I‘ve lost my passport. (= I can’t find my passport now)
‘Where’s Rebecca?’ ‘She‘s gone to bed.’ (= she is in bed now)
We‘ve bought a new car. (= we have a new car now)
It’s Rachel’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present. (= I don’t have a present for her now)
‘Bob is away on holiday.’ ‘Oh, where has he gone?’ (= where is he now?)
Can I take this newspapser? Have you finished with it? (= do you need it now?)
Future
Advanced
Present perfect continuous
16种时态
（现在/过去）（2种）；
（现在/过去）×（完成/进行/推量）（6种）；
（现在/过去）×（完成、进行、推量）两两组合（2×C32=6种）；
（现在/过去）×（完成+进行+推量）（2×1=2种）。
3. 现在完成
have/has done
4. 过去完成
had done
7. 现在推量
will do
8. 过去推量
would do
9. 现在完成进行
have/has been doing
10. 过去完成进行
had been doing
11. 现在推量完成
will have/has done
12. 过去推量完成
would have/has done
13. 现在推量进行
will be doing
14. 过去推量进行
would be doing
15. 现在推量完成进行
will have been doing
16. 过去推量完成进行
would have been doing
现在、过去、将来三种基本时间段
I. Present
1. Simple present 一般现在
一般现在时
2. Before-present 现在完成
现在完成时
3. After-present
be about to do
II. Past
1. Simple past
一般过去时
2. Before-past
过去完成时 have done
3. After-past
was/were about to
III. Future
1. Simple future
现在推量 will do
2. Before-future
现在完成推量 by ‘sometime’ will have done
3. After-future
will be about to do