“短语动词”与“动词短语”
短语动词
短语动词(phrasal verb)是指一个由动词 + 小品词 (+介词)或 动词 + 介词组成的动词词组,整体充当动词。通常来说短语动词的含义不再是该动词和小品词/介词的字面含义。短语动词的三种形式:
介词短语动词(Prepositional Phrasal Verbs)
即 verb + preposition:
Who is looking after the kids?
谁在照看孩子?(而不是谁看着孩子后面)
They picked on nobody.
他们没有刁难任何人。(而不是他们没有捡到人)
I ran into an old friend.
我偶遇一个老友。(而不是我冲进老朋友家里)
She takes after her mother.
她很像她的母亲。
Sam passes for a linguist.
山姆像个语言学家。
You should stand by your friend.
你应该帮帮你的朋友。
小品词短语动词(Particle Phrasal Verbs)
即 verb + particle:
They brought that up twice.
他们谈过两次了。
You should think it over.
你应该仔细考虑。
Why does he always dress down?
为什么他总是穿着随意?
You should not give in so quickly.
你不该这么快让步。
Where do they want to hang out?
他们想去哪玩儿?
She handed it in.
她上交了它。
小品词-介词短语动词(Particle-Prepositional Phrasal Verbs)
即 verb + particle + preposition:
Who can put up with that?
谁能忍受那样?
She is looking forward to a rest.
她期待一场休息。
The other tanks were bearing down on my panther.
其他坦克向我的美州豹(车)逼近。
They were really teeing off on me.
他们的确突然袭击了我。
We loaded up on Mountain Dew and Doritos.
我们大量购买了激浪和多力多滋(饮料和零食)。
Susan has been sitting in for me.
苏姗已经替代了我。
动词短语
动词短语(verb phrase)是指包含了动状词(verbal,也叫非谓语动词 non-finite verb)的短语,充当非谓语成分。动词短语有三种形式:
分词短语(Participial Phrases)
包括现在分词(present participles)和过去分词(past participles),在句中起到形容词的作用。
现在分词短语作形容词修饰动作的实施者:
Singing very softly, the boy lulled his baby brother to sleep.
轻声歌唱的男孩哄他的弟弟入睡。
过去分词短语作形容词修饰动作的接受者:
The girls, frightened by the police car’s headlights, quickly came down from the school’s roof.
被警灯吓坏的女孩,立马从学校屋顶下来了。
动名词短语(Gerund Phrases)
动名词短语在句中作名词,可以作主语,动词宾语,表语名词,介词宾语。
动名词短语作主语:
Waiting for his grades drove him crazy.
等待成绩令他备受煎熬。
动名词短语作动词宾语:
The woman denied knowing her own husband.
女子拒绝认出她自己的丈夫。
动名词短语作介词宾语:
He thought he could escape from his problems by running away.
他以为可以一走了之来逃避问题。
动名词短语作(主语和)表语:
Making many acquaintances is cultivating future friendships.
结识许多熟人就是培养未来的友谊。
不定式短语(Infinitive Phrases)
不定式短语通常作名词,也可以作形容词和副词。
不定式短语作主语:
To live in Boston eventually is his main goal in life. (the infinitive phrase works as the subject of the sentence)
居住在波士顿最终成为他生命里的主要目标。
不定式短语作动词宾语:
Quentin Tarentino loves to babble during interviews.
昆丁·塔伦蒂诺接受采访时喜欢喋喋不休。
不定式短语作定语(形容词词性):
Do you have any clothes to donate to the homeless shelter?
你有要捐给流浪汉的衣服吗?
不定式短语作目的状语(副词词性):
She went home to visit her family.
她回家去拜访她的家人。
To find more: 介词,副词,小品词,动词不定式
References: Wikipedia.org/Phrasal_verb, Cws.illinois.edu/verbals