英语中的动词（0）：动词形态
英语中的动词有6种形态：
- 动词原形（basic form）；
- 动词不定式（infinitive）；
- 第三人称单数（third-person singular）；
- 现在分词（present participle）；
- 过去式（past tense）；
- 过去分词（past participle）
本文将总结词形一般变换规律，并整理不规则动词变化。
动词不定式
to + 动词原形构成动词不定式。
参见：动词不定式
第三人称单数
- 绝大多数动词直接添加 -s 后缀；
- 对于以 -s, -z, -x, -sh, -ch, -o（元音o，-oo则不是）结尾的动词添加 -es 后缀；
- 对于以 -y 结尾的动词变 -y 为 -ie 加 -s；
- be 动词用 is；
- have 变 has；
- 情态动词不变
现在分词
- 绝大多数动词直接添加 -ing 后缀；
- 以不发音的 -e 结尾的单词，去掉 -e 加 -ing，如 smile -> smiling；
- 以 -ee, -ye, -oe 结尾的单词直接加 -ing，如 see -> seeing；
- （英式）以元音 + l 结尾的单词，双写 l 加 -ing，如 equal -> equalling；
- 以单元音 + 一个辅音结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，加 -ing，如 run -> running, refer -> referring，但是多音节单词重音不在最后一个音节的，不双写直接加 -ing，如 target -> targeting；
- 以 -ie 结尾的单词，变 -ie 为 -y 加 -ing，如 lie -> lying；
- 以 -c 结尾的单词，加 -k 再加 -ing，如 mimic -> mimicking，但是 arc -> arcing
过去式和过去分词
- 绝大多数动词直接添加 -ed 后缀；
- 以 -e 结尾的单词直接加 -d，如 free -> freed；
- （英式）以一个短元音 + l 结尾的单词，双写 l 加 -ed，如 equal -> equalled；
- 以一个短元音 + 一个辅音结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，加 -ed，如 stop -> stopped, admit -> admitted；
- 以 -c 结尾的单词，加 -k 再加 -ed，如 picnic -> picnicked，但是 arc -> arced
不规则动词列表
| 动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
| be (is, am,are) | was, were | been |
| beat | beat | beaten |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bet | bet | bet |
| bid | bid | bid |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| burn | burned/burnt | burned/burnt |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| cut | cut | cut |
| dig | dug | dug |
| dive | dove | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt |
| drive | drove | driven |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| show | showed | shown |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| stand | stood | stood |
| swim | swam | swum |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| write | wrote | written |
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