Four ways the sharing economy is changing us | Stephen Miller | TEDxBoise
Not long ago, it would have seemed unimaginable that millions of people would invite strangers to rent their homes, hail private cars for a ride across town, or enter people’s homes to do odd jobs like assemble a baby’s crib. But platform-based companies like Uber, Airbnb and TaskRabbit are reinventing how we get work and how work gets done. Along the way, how we relate to each other is being reinvented too. Law scholar and author Stephen R. Miller talks us through the transformation.
Stephen R. Miller is a law professor and author whose work focuses on building more livable and environmentally sustainable cities. His writings have addressed topics such as regulating the sharing economy, empowering neighborhoods, financing public art, zoning in local food, using agritourism for economic development, green building and green leasing, and the role of local officials in responding to climate change. His article on the sharing economy was recently published by the Harvard Journal on Legislation. He can be found at Land Use Prof Blog and @LandUseProf.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
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我们正处于一个通过共享、零工
和Uber（优步）解决一切的时代。
Ours is the age of sharing, gigging
and Ubering just about everything.
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00:00:08,858 –> 00:00:10,662
我来举几个例子。
Let me give you a couple of examples.
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00:00:10,662 –> 00:00:12,196
今晚你离开的时候，
When you leave here tonight,
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00:00:12,196 –> 00:00:14,932
你可能会打开你的
Uber APP，
maybe you will get on your Uber app
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00:00:14,932 –> 00:00:20,355
找个私家车载你回家。
and you will get someone
to take you home in their personal car.
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00:00:20,355 –> 00:00:23,974
让我们再想象
你要去度假。
Let us imagine that you decide
to go on a vacation,
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00:00:23,974 –> 00:00:27,414
你可能会通过 Airbnb（爱彼迎）
跟某人搭伙，
maybe you’ll go on to Airbnb
and stay with someone
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00:00:27,414 –> 00:00:30,536
寄居在他们家里，
与他们共处。
in their own home while they’re there.
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00:00:30,846 –> 00:00:34,373
这些事我们以前不会做，
但它们现在发展迅速。
These are the things we didn’t do
that long ago, but it goes further.
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00:00:34,373 –> 00:00:37,905
再比如说你要去 IKEA（宜家），
给孩子买些家具，
Let’s say you go to IKEA,
and you buy your child some furniture,
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00:00:37,905 –> 00:00:41,614
你需要拼接一个儿童床。
and you’re facing putting together a crib?
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00:00:41,906 –> 00:00:44,804
你不再需要知道
如何使用内六角扳手。
You don’t have to learn how to use
that Allen wrench anymore,
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00:00:44,804 –> 00:00:47,984
你可以去 TaskRabbit（跑腿兔）
找个人帮你做。
you can go onto TaskRabbit
and get somebody else to do it for you.
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00:00:48,243 –> 00:00:50,164
再比如你厌倦了做饭，
Le’s say you’re tired of cooking.
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00:00:50,164 –> 00:00:52,210
你可以到
Blue Plate（蓝盘子）,
You can go onto Blue Plate,
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00:00:52,210 –> 00:00:56,160
找个共享厨房之人。
and you can get someone
to use a shared kitchen,
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00:00:56,160 –> 00:01:00,280
他们会把刚出锅的
食物送到家，
and they will deliver
that fresh meal to your door
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00:01:01,087 –> 00:01:04,209
给你的家人享用。
而你再不必亲自下厨了。
for your family to eat,
and you don’t have to cook anymore.
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00:01:04,620 –> 00:01:06,864
上述这些方式，以及其他
共享经济形式，有趣的是
Now, the interesting thing
about all these uses,
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00:01:06,864 –> 00:01:09,267
上述这些方式，以及其他
共享经济形式，有趣的是
and a lot of the other uses
of the sharing economy,
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00:01:09,267 –> 00:01:10,779
它们极大地改变了
is that they profoundly change
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00:01:10,779 –> 00:01:14,251
我们思考
经济运作形式的方式，
the way that we think about
the way our economy works
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00:01:14,251 –> 00:01:15,883
以及业务往来的方式。
and the way we’ve done business.
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另一个有趣的事，
它们当中很多是非法的。
The other interesting thing
is that a lot of them are also illegal.
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最近，我写了篇文章
Now, I wrote an article
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00:01:23,340 –> 00:01:26,160
叫《共享经济管理要则》，
called “First Principles
for Regulating the Sharing Economy”
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00:01:26,160 –> 00:01:29,288
发表在 Harvard Journal on Legislation
（哈佛法律杂志）。
that was recently published
in the Harvard Journal on Legislation,
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00:01:29,288 –> 00:01:32,836
文章中，我解决了一些
关于“非法性”的技术问题。
and in that, I deal with a lot of
the technical issues of this illegality.
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00:01:32,836 –> 00:01:37,033
但今天我要重点
讲解四项准则，
But I want to focus here today
on four principles
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00:01:37,033 –> 00:01:40,324
来解释为什么你
应当拥抱共享经济，
for why you should embrace
the sharing economy
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以及它是如何
影响你的生活的。
and ways that it can affect your life.
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我称它们为核心准则：
I’m going to call these
the core principles:
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分别是圈子、所有权、
名誉、和公平性。
Community, Ownership,
Reputation, and Equity.
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我们先从圈子开始。
So let’s start with community.
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当我们想到圈子时，
When we think about community,
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00:01:54,994 –> 00:01:57,502
我们常常想到的是
家庭和密友。
we often think about family,
close friends.
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00:01:57,502 –> 00:02:00,094
但是在70年代，一个社会学家
马克·格兰诺维特
But in the ’70s, a sociologist
named Mark Granovetter
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00:02:00,094 –> 00:02:03,033
开始思考其它形态的圈子。
started thinking about
other types of community.
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00:02:03,033 –> 00:02:07,376
他重点关注的是
“弱连接”圈子，
And what he was looking at in particular
were what he came to call “weak ties.”
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00:02:07,695 –> 00:02:09,884
指那些你几乎
不认识的人。
These were the people
that you barely know.
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00:02:09,884 –> 00:02:14,424
简·雅各布斯，一个城市学家，
在她的行话里称这些人为
Jane Jacobs, the urbanist,
might have called these, in her lingo,
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00:02:14,424 –> 00:02:20,864
“随遇”之人，他们将
我们的圈子连接起来。
“hop skip” people, the kind of people
that help to bridge boundaries between us.
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00:02:21,274 –> 00:02:25,533
马克的研究表明，
以及后来的社会学家们发现，
And what he found in his research,
and subsequent sociologists have found,
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00:02:25,533 –> 00:02:27,166
通过这些弱连接
is that it’s along these weak ties
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00:02:27,166 –> 00:02:29,823
许多圈子里的信息
才得以流通，
that a lot of information
in communities flows,
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00:02:29,823 –> 00:02:34,925
我们社会的某种
政治凝聚力才得以蓄养。
and the kind of the political cohesiveness
of our society tends to rest.
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00:02:34,925 –> 00:02:37,265
当然，
这些都是高谈阔论。
Well, that’s all big thoughts
and everything,
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00:02:37,265 –> 00:02:41,285
但我想说共享经济
很有价值。
but I’m going to argue
that the sharing economy can be valuable
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00:02:41,285 –> 00:02:45,624
因为它促使我们
在圈子间形成弱连接。
because it provides us these opportunities
to make weak ties in communities.
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让我来举个例子。
Let me give you an example.
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00:02:47,670 –> 00:02:49,553
我们家租了一处爱彼迎，
My family, we rented an Airbnb
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在俄勒冈州本德市
一个家庭住宅区里。
in a single-family residential
neighborhood in Bend, Oregon.
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00:02:53,145 –> 00:02:57,874
我们去了那，带着我们
两岁的女儿在公园里。
And we go there, and we’re at the park
with my two-year-old daughter at the time,
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00:02:58,115 –> 00:03:01,779
我们跟另一个人聊天，
and we start talking
to another guy who’s there,
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00:03:01,779 –> 00:03:04,369
他住在那，
有一个两岁的孩子。
who lives there and has a two-year-old.
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00:03:04,369 –> 00:03:07,842
我们就说找个
带孩子去的地方有多难，
And we start talking about how hard it is
to find a place to go with kids,
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00:03:07,842 –> 00:03:09,026
找个吃饭的地方有多难。
a place go out to eat.
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00:03:09,026 –> 00:03:14,100
他告诉我们在镇里的
临时的啤酒花园里，
He tells us about this pop-up beer garden
that has come up across town,
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00:03:14,100 –> 00:03:15,339
有一些餐车，
where there’s food trucks,
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00:03:15,339 –> 00:03:18,011
他说：“那很不错，
你们该去看看。”
he says, “It’s a great place to go,
you should go there.”
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00:03:18,011 –> 00:03:20,081
我们就去了，非常满意，
非常完美。
We go, we have a great time,
it was perfect.
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00:03:20,081 –> 00:03:23,081
像这类信息并没有
写在旅游手册上，
That’s the kind of information
that wasn’t in the tourist books,
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00:03:23,081 –> 00:03:25,010
靠我们自己是找不到的。
that we wouldn’t have found ourselves.
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00:03:25,010 –> 00:03:27,122
但是通过这种弱连接，
But it was that weak tie
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00:03:27,122 –> 00:03:31,072
获得的信息就可以
使我们玩地更惬意。
that provided us the information
to have a little bit of a better time.
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这便是共享经济促成的
一种建立圈子的方式。
That’s the kind of community building
the sharing economy can really facilitate.
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00:03:35,661 –> 00:03:39,171
但是对于圈子还有另一个
问题我们需要考虑。
But there’s another issue of community
that we really need to think about.
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00:03:39,171 –> 00:03:43,992
比如说去游乐场，
除了我们
Let’s say that instead of just us
being there at the playground,
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00:03:43,992 –> 00:03:49,231
还有 15 个人
也在住宅区度假。
there were 15 people that were vacationing
in that residential neighborhood.
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00:03:49,550 –> 00:03:52,381
我们带着两岁的女儿，
And we were all there
with our two-year-old daughters,
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00:03:52,381 –> 00:03:54,469
这时他也带着
两岁的女儿过来了。
and he comes with his
two-year-old daughter.
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现在，变成了另一回事，
Well now, suddenly, it’s not
the same type of experience
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00:03:57,617 –> 00:04:00,841
他想知道何时
才能进游乐场。
that he was expecting
when he went to the playground, right?
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00:04:01,237 –> 00:04:04,331
所以我们在考虑使用
共享经济时的一个问题是，
So one of the issues
as we think about these types of uses
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00:04:04,331 –> 00:04:08,928
在融入到访的圈子时，
that allow us to engage
in the communities that we visit
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00:04:08,928 –> 00:04:13,390
必须考虑我们对到访的
圈子所产生的影响。
is that we have to think about the effects
on the communities that we are visiting.
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00:04:13,720 –> 00:04:18,739
所以虽然共享经济可以给我们
提供许多伟大的，全新的机会，
So while the sharing economy
can provide us great new opportunities
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00:04:18,739 –> 00:04:22,949
通过比如弱连接来
找到新的进入圈子的方式，
through things like weak ties,
to find new ways into the community,
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00:04:22,949 –> 00:04:26,259
我们同样需要考虑
我们所带来的
we also need to think about
the types of effects that we have
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00:04:26,259 –> 00:04:31,109
给既有圈子的影响，
并确认我们能维护它们。
on established communities, and make sure
that we’re protecting them as well.
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00:04:31,440 –> 00:04:33,091
好，刚刚讲的是圈子。
Okay, so that’s community.
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现在，我们谈谈所有权。
Now, let’s talk about ownership.
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我们美国人喜欢占有，
对吧？
Americans, we love to own things, right?
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我来举几个例子，
Let me give you a couple of examples
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00:04:39,390 –> 00:04:45,829
来说明共享经济如何
将我们的关注点从拥有
about how the sharing economy
can change our emphasis on ownership
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00:04:45,829 –> 00:04:50,345
转向为
获取集体商品的渠道。
to an emphasis on access
to owning collective goods.
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好的。
Okay.
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比如说你在你的木工房，
要做一件家具，
Let’s say you’re working in your wood shop
trying to make a piece of furniture,
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00:04:55,080 –> 00:04:58,709
你发现做了一半了，
你需要某个专用磨砂机。
and you find out that halfway through
you need some sort of specialty sander.
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00:04:58,709 –> 00:05:01,641
你可以这样做，
跑到 Home Depot（家得宝）
Well, one thing you could do
is you can go down to Home Depot
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00:05:01,641 –> 00:05:05,190
买一个，花费 100
或者 200 美元，对吧？
and buy that thing that costs
$100 or $200, right?
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00:05:05,190 –> 00:05:08,451
然后你用过之后，
把它在角落里放了一年，
And you’re going to use it,
then it’s going to sit there for a year
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00:05:08,451 –> 00:05:13,955
或许两年，或许它的整个
寿命里你就用了 5 次。
or maybe two years, or maybe you’ll use it
five times in the entire time you own it.
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00:05:14,203 –> 00:05:17,970
然后过了 20 年，
你把它卖了 5 美元。
Then you’ll sell it for $5,
20 years from now.
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现在，
还有另一种方案。
The alternative would be,
what’s happening now,
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00:05:21,310 –> 00:05:24,430
许多地方提供
工具租借服务。
is that a lot of places
have lending tool libraries.
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00:05:24,430 –> 00:05:29,321
你去那租一个专用磨砂机，
用它一个周末，
You go, you need that specialty sander,
you use it for the weekend you need it,
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00:05:29,321 –> 00:05:34,709
然后归还。
这样别人也可以借用。
and then you take it back,
then someone else gets to use it as well.
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我再举个例子，
有点科幻，
Let me give you another example
of a sort of science fiction future.
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00:05:39,481 –> 00:05:41,279
关于自动驾驶汽车。
Autonomous vehicles.
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00:05:41,941 –> 00:05:44,370
当我们想到自动驾驶汽车时，
When we think about autonomous vehicles,
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00:05:44,841 –> 00:05:47,611
可能比我们想象的
还要更快实现，
which are probably going to be here
sooner than we imagine,
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在未来 10 年或者 20 年，
对吧？
in another decade or two, right?
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00:05:49,701 –> 00:05:51,902
这些车会自动驾驶。
These are vehicles
that will drive themselves.
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00:05:51,902 –> 00:05:53,807
然后一些人就会去买，
对吧？
Now some people will buy these, right?
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00:05:53,807 –> 00:05:57,217
比如那些买 Teslas（特斯拉）
或者别的什么的人，对吧？
These are the people
that buy Teslas or something, right?
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00:05:57,217 –> 00:06:00,000
但我们中的很多人
不会去买自动驾驶汽车。
But a lot of us are not going to buy
an autonomous vehicle.
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00:06:00,000 –> 00:06:04,033
但是我们也会接触到它，
Instead what we’re going to do
is we’re going to access it
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00:06:04,033 –> 00:06:07,693
通过共享自动驾驶汽车，
怎么样？
through a shared autonomous vehicle, okay?
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00:06:07,693 –> 00:06:11,853
所以我们要做的
是考虑创建相接点，
And so what we want to do
is think about creating an access point
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连接自动驾驶汽车的
集体所有权。
to collective ownership
of that autonomous vehicle.
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00:06:17,934 –> 00:06:21,628
这便是通用汽车（General Motors）
和 来福车（Lyft）正组成团队做的。
This is precisely what General Motors
and Lyft are teaming up to do right now.
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00:06:21,628 –> 00:06:23,122
你可能听说过，
You may have heard about this,
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通用（GM）最近斥资 5亿美元收购
汽车共享来福车的股份。
but GM just purchased a $500 million stake
in the ride-sharing app Lyft.
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00:06:27,395 –> 00:06:30,513
他们要做的正是
And what they are trying to do
is precisely this:
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00:06:30,513 –> 00:06:35,233
创建相接点
来把我们
create an access point
for you and for all of us
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00:06:35,233 –> 00:06:38,623
同那些新式的自动驾驶汽车
连接起来。
to these new autonomous vehicles.
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00:06:38,623 –> 00:06:39,641
好了。
Alright.
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00:06:39,641 –> 00:06:45,791
我们对所有权的探讨
其实是对共有渠道…
So what we’ve seen here with ownership
is that the collective access –
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00:06:45,791 –> 00:06:49,453
如果我们关注
获取集体商品，
if we focus on access
to collectively owned goods,
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00:06:49,453 –> 00:06:50,920
我们可以做两件事。
we can do two things.
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00:06:50,920 –> 00:06:55,792
首先，我们可以更好地利用
未尽其用的商品，
First, we can better utilize
underutilized goods,
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00:06:55,792 –> 00:06:57,750
比如那个货架上的磨砂机，
that’s the sander that sits on the shelf,
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00:06:57,750 –> 00:07:01,023
不必再放在那里吃灰，
许多人可以使用它。
instead of sitting on the shelf,
a bunch of people get to use it.
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00:07:01,023 –> 00:07:03,916
另外，我们可以
改善基础设施。
And the other thing is we can plan
for infrastructure better.
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00:07:03,916 –> 00:07:06,814
我们可以更好地利用
投资基础设施的资金。
We can better use
our infrastructure dollars.
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00:07:06,814 –> 00:07:11,423
所以，如果我们集体拥有
一辆车，它随用随到，
So if we collectively own that car
and it comes only when we need it,
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00:07:11,423 –> 00:07:15,290
那我们可能就不需要五车道的公路，
三车道就可以了。
maybe we don’t need a five-lane highway,
maybe we only need a three-lane highway.
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00:07:15,290 –> 00:07:19,018
可能很多私家车道也可以取消了，
对吧？
And maybe we don’t all need
driveways anyway, right?
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00:07:19,018 –> 00:07:23,204
当我们需要的时候，
这辆车恰好停在我们家门口。
The car will just pull up right in front
of our house when we need it.
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00:07:23,513 –> 00:07:26,814
现在，这听起来有点科幻，
Now, that may all sound like
science fiction future,
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00:07:26,814 –> 00:07:28,913
但它会在我们知晓它以前出现。
but it will be here before we know it.
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00:07:28,913 –> 00:07:30,823
如果我们关注这类事，
And if we focus on this type of thing,
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00:07:30,823 –> 00:07:36,835
我们可以极大地拓展
我们规划未来设施的方式。
we can substantially increase the way
we plan for infrastructure in the future.
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00:07:37,203 –> 00:07:39,412
好了，声望。
Alright, reputation.
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00:07:40,884 –> 00:07:42,693
当我们考虑声望的时候，
When we think about reputation,
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00:07:42,693 –> 00:07:45,594
我们知道那是业务往来
很重要的一部分，对吧？
we know that it’s an important
part of business, right?
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00:07:45,594 –> 00:07:49,032
但声望在共享经济中
拥有主宰地位，
But the reputation
in the sharing economy is all;
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00:07:49,032 –> 00:07:50,692
它是所有的一切。
it is everything.
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00:07:50,992 –> 00:07:52,953
对工作人员而言，
也对消费者而言，
For both the workers and the consumers,
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00:07:52,953 –> 00:07:57,996
我们即便作为个体，
拥有声誉也很重要。
it’s important that we as individuals
be able to own our reputations,
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00:07:57,996 –> 00:08:00,836
而且，我们可以携带声誉。
and moreover, that we can take it with us.
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00:08:00,836 –> 00:08:02,613
那么，这意味着什么？
So, what does that mean?
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00:08:02,613 –> 00:08:07,424
如果你准备使用共享经济，
比如你想雇个司机，
If you decide to use the sharing economy,
like say you decide to hire a driver
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00:08:07,424 –> 00:08:10,052
用优步从 A地到 B地。
to take you from
point A to point B on Uber.
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00:08:11,155 –> 00:08:14,803
你要给那人评价，
给他们五星好评。
You’re going to rate that person;
you’re going to give them five stars.
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00:08:15,134 –> 00:08:17,154
“很好，他们按时载我到达”。
Great job, they got me there on time.
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00:08:17,154 –> 00:08:20,173
他们也可能评价你，
可能给你四星，
And they are maybe going to rate you,
maybe give you four stars,
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00:08:20,173 –> 00:08:23,200
因为你不会聊天
或者什么别的原因。
because you weren’t such
a great conversationalist or something.
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00:08:23,473 –> 00:08:27,345
仅通过一次评价，
可能会有误差。
Well, maybe in that one rating,
there’s some variation.
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00:08:27,345 –> 00:08:31,365
但是如果那个司机
接了 100 多单了，
But if that driver takes
100 different rides,
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00:08:31,373 –> 00:08:37,125
或者在一年内接了 1000 多单，
他们便开始拥有了声誉。
or 1,000 rides over the course of a year,
they start to earn a reputation.
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00:08:37,125 –> 00:08:38,961
如果他们是很棒的司机，
五星司机，
If they’re a great driver, five stars,
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00:08:38,961 –> 00:08:41,694
你便更想搭乘他们的车。
you’re going to want to take
that ride with that person.
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00:08:41,913 –> 00:08:44,355
对于你这个乘客也是一样的，
对吧？
Same with you as a passenger, right?
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00:08:44,355 –> 00:08:45,914
声誉很重要。
Reputation matters.
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00:08:46,753 –> 00:08:48,544
但有趣的是，
But here’s the interesting thing.
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00:08:48,863 –> 00:08:53,633
如果那个优步司机
想要开个公司，
If that Uber driver decides
that they want to go some startup,
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00:08:53,843 –> 00:08:55,904
他们可以转移
他们的声誉吗？
can they take their reputation with them?
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00:08:56,241 –> 00:08:58,869
那个公司开展
相同的业务，
Let’s say it’s a company
that does the exact same thing,
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00:09:00,419 –> 00:09:05,924
一个新公司在博伊西，像优步似的；
他们想做本土品牌，对吧？
some other startup, a Boise Uber
equivalent; they want to go local, right?
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00:09:06,315 –> 00:09:09,303
然而，他们不能携带之前声誉，
Well, they can’t take
that reputation with them.
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00:09:09,303 –> 00:09:12,235
他们不能转移 1000 个五星好评。
They can’t take those
1,000 five-star ratings.
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00:09:12,673 –> 00:09:13,913
我想这就是问题所在；
I think that’s a problem;
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00:09:13,913 –> 00:09:16,593
我认为你应该拥有自己的声誉。
I think that you should
be able to own your reputation.
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00:09:16,943 –> 00:09:19,854
此外，我们再谈谈跨平台。
Moreover, let’s talk about
across platforms.
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00:09:20,204 –> 00:09:25,533
你想要雇一个人
组装你的婴儿床。
You want to hire that person to come
and assemble your baby’s crib.
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00:09:25,793 –> 00:09:30,284
你也许想知道他们
作为 Uber司机所获得的评价，
Well, maybe you also want to know
about their ratings as a driver on Uber,
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00:09:30,284 –> 00:09:32,823
或者作为 Airbnb房东的。
or hosting people on Airbnb.
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00:09:32,823 –> 00:09:35,874
这可能与他们使用
六角扳手无关，
It may not be definitive
with how they are with an Allen wrench,
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00:09:35,874 –> 00:09:38,065
但你就想
雇那样的人。
and you may decide to hire
that person anyway,
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00:09:38,065 –> 00:09:40,553
你会不想知道他们的
差评吗，
but wouldn’t you want to know
if they had bad ratings
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00:09:40,553 –> 00:09:44,013
或者人们认为他们的
驾驶技术有多糟？
or people thought they had
bad driving skills or something?
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00:09:44,244 –> 00:09:46,943
这便是一些我们想知道的事情，
These are the kinds of things
that we would want to know,
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00:09:46,943 –> 00:09:49,162
所以声誉具有可携带行，
and that reputation should be portable,
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00:09:49,162 –> 00:09:52,365
人们应该独立地拥有声誉。
and somebody should be able
to own it individually.
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00:09:52,694 –> 00:09:53,764
好的。
Alright.
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00:09:53,764 –> 00:09:55,673
最后，公平性。
Finally, equity.
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00:09:57,865 –> 00:10:01,245
在过去 50 年我们做的
最重要的事情之一
One of the most important things
that we’ve done over the last 50 years
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00:10:01,245 –> 00:10:07,003
便是保障场所的平等性，
比如酒店，出租车。
is to ensure equitable accommodation
in things like hotels and taxis.
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00:10:07,281 –> 00:10:10,949
我们社会中的特殊群体，
还有少数民族，
People that are disabled,
minorities in our population,
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00:10:10,949 –> 00:10:13,243
一直在争取着
have historically struggled
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00:10:13,243 –> 00:10:16,683
公共场所及公共设施
的可获得性。
with these types of public accommodations
and public utilities.
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00:10:17,544 –> 00:10:20,593
（过去）非裔美国人
找出租车很难，
African Americans
having trouble finding taxis,
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00:10:20,593 –> 00:10:26,942
残障人群无法
登上高楼。
people with disabilities
not being able to access buildings.
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00:10:27,579 –> 00:10:31,465
在过去 50 年我们通过推行
“美国残疾人法案”做了很多，
We’ve done a lot over the last 50 years
with the Americans with Disabilities Act
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00:10:31,465 –> 00:10:34,429
特别是 1964 年的
“民权法”。
and specifically
the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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00:10:34,429 –> 00:10:39,434
这些法律明确了很多
残障人群及少数族群
They’ve done a lot to assure
that the disabled and minorities
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00:10:39,434 –> 00:10:46,144
在我们的社会中拥有
使用公共场所的权利。
in our society have access
to these public accommodations.
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00:10:47,220 –> 00:10:50,879
但现在在加利福尼亚州
有一个官司，
But there is a lawsuit
in California right now
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00:10:50,879 –> 00:10:57,109
一些盲人称他们使用共享汽车如
优步或者来福车时存在有困难，
where a number of blind individuals
have alleged they’ve had a hard time
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00:10:57,109 –> 00:11:00,774
一些盲人称他们使用共享汽车如
优步或者来福车时存在有困难，
getting rides with ride sharing
companies like Uber and Lyft,
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00:11:00,774 –> 00:11:04,659
因为司机不允许
他们的导盲犬
because drivers do not want
to have their dogs
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00:11:06,868 –> 00:11:09,478
跟他们一起上车。
in the cars with them.
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00:11:11,188 –> 00:11:14,386
同样最近，哈佛
一份研究表明，
At the same time, a recent study
out of Harvard University
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00:11:14,386 –> 00:11:19,157
有着非裔美国人的人名
会让使用爱彼迎
has found that those
with African-American names on Airbnb
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00:11:19,157 –> 00:11:23,919
租房时会更加困难，
have had a much harder time
securing a place to stay through the site
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00:11:23,919 –> 00:11:27,624
相对于那些其他姓名的人而言。
than those with non-African-American
sounding names.
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00:11:27,902 –> 00:11:31,792
这些伴随共享经济而来的问题
These point to problems
with the sharing economy
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00:11:31,792 –> 00:11:33,402
亟待我们解决。
that we need to address.
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00:11:33,402 –> 00:11:38,102
我认为虽然去琢磨
“公平保障”的法律的本质
I would argue that while the nature
of the regulations to ensure equity
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00:11:38,102 –> 00:11:40,283
会有一些困难，
may be difficult for us to think through,
203
00:11:40,283 –> 00:11:44,563
但它们对于确保
可预见的公平性至关重要，
they’re important to ensure
that equity remains viable
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00:11:44,563 –> 00:11:46,623
特别是在我们正在
创造的新兴经济中。
in this new economy that we’re creating.
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00:11:47,173 –> 00:11:49,124
所以这些便是核心原则。
So these are the core principles.
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00:11:50,725 –> 00:11:53,871
这些便是核心原则，
如果我们要经历这些，
These are the core principles,
and If we follow through with these,
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00:11:53,871 –> 00:11:57,541
我们便要制定核心原则，
and we make the core principles
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00:11:57,541 –> 00:12:02,273
在我们考量共享经济的时候。
part of the way that we think
through the sharing economy,
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00:12:02,582 –> 00:12:08,963
我们可以确保共享经济
不仅能带来新的机遇，
we can make sure that we have not only
new opportunities for the sharing economy,
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00:12:09,183 –> 00:12:10,833
新的商业途径，
a new way of doing business,
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00:12:10,833 –> 00:12:14,612
而且是公平的，
可以改革我们生活的。
but one that is equitable
and can actually revolutionize our lives.
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00:12:14,612 –> 00:12:15,743
谢谢大家。
Thank you.
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00:12:15,743 –> 00:12:17,472
（故障）（欢呼）
(Applause) (Cheers)