I

(138 words)

tip of the iceberg

a small, noticeable part of a problem, the total size of which is really much greater:

icily

idle

adjective

NO PURPOSE

[ before noun ] without any particular purpose:

LAZY

uk lazy and not willing to work:

idol

noun [ C ]

a picture or object that people pray to as part of their religion:

ignorance

noun [ U ]

lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something:

ignorant

adjective

not having enough knowledge, understanding, or information about something:

illiterate

adjective

unable to read and write:

illusion

noun

[ C or U ] an idea or belief that is not true:

[ C ] something that is not really what it seems to be:

illustration

noun [ C or U ]

an example that explains or proves something:

image

noun

[ C ] a picture in your mind or an idea of how someone or something is:

imitation

noun

[ C ] a copy:

immature

adjective

disapproving not behaving in a way that is as calm and wise as people expect from someone of your age:

imminent

adjective

coming or likely to happen very soon:

immortal

adjective

living or lasting for ever:

very special and famous and therefore likely to be remembered for a long time:

immune

adjective

[ after verb ] not affected or upset by a particular type of behaviour or emotion:

immune system

noun [ C usually singular ]

the cells and tissues in the body that make it able to protect itself against infection

impact

noun [ C usually singular, U ]

the force or action of one object hitting another:

impatience

noun [ U ]

the feeling of being annoyed by someone’s mistakes or because you have to wait:

the feeling of wanting something to happen as soon as possible:

imperative

adjective

extremely important or urgent:

implication

noun

[ C or U ] an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly:

[ U ] an occasion when you suggest or show that someone is involved in a crime:

implicit

adjective

suggested but not communicated directly:

imply

verb [ T ]

to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly:

formal to involve something or make it necessary:

as sth implies

used to show that the name, etc. of something tells you something about it:

import

noun

[ U ] also importation the action of bringing goods or fashions into a country:

impossible

adjective

An impossible situation is extremely difficult to deal with or solve:

An impossible person behaves very badly or is extremely difficult to deal with:

impossibility

imprisonment

noun [ C or U ]

the act of putting someone in prison or the condition of being kept in prison:

impulse

noun

[ C + to infinitive ] a sudden strong wish to do something:

on (an) impulse

because you suddenly want to, although you haven’t planned to:

impulsive

adjective

showing behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have:

the ins and outs

the detailed or complicated facts of something:

incentive

noun [ C or U ]

something that encourages a person to do something:

inclination

noun

[ C or U ] a feeling that you want to do a particular thing, or the fact that you prefer or are more likely to do a particular thing:

inclined

adjective [ after verb, + , to, infinitive ]

likely or wanting to do something:

artistically, technically, etc. inclined

having natural artistic, technical, etc. ability:

inconceivable

adjective

impossible to imagine or think of:

incorporate

verb [ T ]

to include something as part of something larger:

incur

verb [ T ]

to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken:

incurable

adjective

not able to be cured:

indeed

adverb

used to add some extra information that develops or supports something you have just said:

indefinitely

adverb

for a period of time with no fixed end:

indicator

noun [ C ]

something that shows what a situation is like:

indifference

noun [ U ]

lack of interest in someone or something:

indifferent

adjective

not thinking about or interested in someone or something:

indirect

adjective

happening in addition to an intended result, often in a way that is complicated or not obvious:

indispensable

adjective

Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without it, him, or her:

indisputable

adjective

true, and impossible to doubt:

individual

noun [ C ]

a person who thinks or behaves in their own original way:

individuality

noun [ U ]

the qualities that make a person or thing different from others:

indulge

verb

[ I or T ] to allow yourself or another person to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you:

industrious

adjective

An industrious person works hard:

inequality

noun [ C or U ]

the unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people:

inexplicable

adjective

unable to be explained or understood:

infancy

noun [ U ]

the time when someone is a baby or a very young child:

be in its infancy

to be very new and still developing:

infant

noun

[ C ] a baby or a very young child:

infect

verb [ T ]

If a place, wound, or substance is infected, it contains bacteria or other things that can cause disease:

infectious

adjective

(of a disease) able to be passed from one person, animal, or plant to another:

able to pass a disease from one person, animal, or plant to another:

Something that is infectious has an effect on everyone who is present and makes them want to join in:

infer

verb [ T ]

to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have:

inferior

noun [ C ]

someone who is considered to be less important than other people:

inferiority

noun [ U ]

infinite

adjective

without limits; extremely large or great:

infinitely

adverb

very or very much:

influx

noun [ C usually singular ]

the fact of a large number of people or things arriving at the same time:

inhabit

verb [ T often passive ]

to live in a place:

inherent

adjective

existing as a natural or basic part of something:

There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport.
I have an inherent distrust of lawyers.

inherit

verb

FROM DEAD PERSON

[ I or T ] to receive money, a house, etc. from someone after they have died:

QUALITY

[ T ] to be born with the same physical or mental characteristics as one of your parents or grandparents:

inheritance

noun [ C usually singular, U ]

money or objects that someone gives you when they die:

inhibition

noun

[ C or U ] a feeling of embarrassment or worry that prevents you from saying or doing what you want:

inhuman

adjective

extremely cruel:

not human in an unusual or frightening way:

initiate

verb [ T ]

formal to cause something to begin:

injection

noun [ C or U ]

DRUG

the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person’s body using a needle and a syringe (= small tube):

SOMETHING NEW

the introduction of something new that is necessary or helpful to a situation or process:

to add insult to injury

said when you feel that someone has made a bad situation worse by doing something else to upset you:

They told me I was too old for the job, and then to add insult to injury, they refused to pay my expenses!

innate

adjective

An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned:

innocence

noun [ U ]

the quality of not having much experience of life and not knowing about the bad things that happen in life:

innocent

adjective

(of a thing) not intended to harm anyone:

innumerable

adjective

too many to be counted:

inquiry

noun

[ C ] an official process to discover the facts about something bad that has happened:

insane

adjective

mentally ill:

insecure

adjective

(of objects or situations) not safe or not protected:

insecurity

noun

[ C or U ] a feeling of lacking confidence and not being sure of your own abilities or of whether people like you :

inseparable

adjective

If two or more people are inseparable, they are such good friends that they spend most of their time together:

inside

preposition

also inside of

If you do something or if something happens inside (of) a particular time or limit, you do it or it happens in less than that amount of time or under the limit:

adjective [ before noun ]

(of information) obtained by someone in a group, organization, or company and therefore involving special or secret knowledge:

insofar as

conjunction formal

to the degree that

insomnia

noun [ U ]

the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of time:

inspiration

noun

[ C ] a sudden good idea:

[ S ] someone that people admire and want to be like:

instinct

noun [ C or U ]

the way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it:

institution

noun

[ C ] a custom or tradition that has existed for a long time and is accepted as an important part of a particular society:

instruct

verb

[ T ] to teach someone how to do something:

instruction

noun

ORDER

[ C usually plural ] something that someone tells you to do:

TEACHING

[ U ] the teaching of a particular skill or subject:

instrument

noun [ C ]

formal a way of achieving or causing something:

intact

adjective

complete and in the original state:

not damaged:

integrity

noun [ U ]

approving the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change:

intellect

noun

[ U ] the ability to understand and to think in an intelligent way:

intellectual

noun [ C ]

a very educated person whose interests are studying and other activities that involve careful thinking and mental effort:

intellectually

adverb

in a way that relates to your ability to think and understand things, especially complicated ideas :

intense

adjective

Intense people are very serious, and usually have strong emotions or opinions:

intensely

adverb

extremely or strongly:

in a very serious way that shows strong emotions or opinions:

intensify

verb [ I or T ]

to become greater, more serious, or more extreme, or to make something do this:

intent

noun [ U ] formal or specialized

the fact that you want and plan to do something:

be intent on sth/doing sth

to be determined to do or achieve something:

a conflict of interest

a situation in which someone cannot make a fair decision because they will be affected by the result:

interference

noun [ U ]

noise or other electronic signals that stop you from getting good pictures or sound on a television or radio

interim

adjective [ before noun ]

temporary and intended to be used or accepted until something permanent exists:

interpretation

noun [ C or U ]

EXPLANATION

an explanation or opinion of what something means:

WAY OF PERFORMING

a particular way of performing a piece of music, a part in a play, etc.:

interval

noun [ C ]

a period between two events or times:

We see each other at regular intervals – usually about once a month.

​the space between two points:

intervene

verb [ I ]

to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse:

intervention

noun [ C or U ]

action taken to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse:

intimate

adjective

PERSONAL

having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship:

intimate relationships
They shared an intimate physical experience.
The diary revealed several intimate details about his private life.
He’s become very intimate with an actress.
The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere.
They had dinner in the very intimate surroundings of a local restaurant.

EXPERT

(of knowledge or understanding) detailed, and obtained from a lot of studying or experience:

She has an intimate knowledge of Tuscany, where she has lived for 20 years.

into the bargain

us also in the bargain

in addition to other facts previously mentioned:

intolerable

adjective

too bad or unpleasant to deal with or accept:

intolerance

noun

[ U ] the fact of refusing to accept ideas, beliefs, or behaviour that are different from your own:

intolerant

adjective disapproving

disapproving of or refusing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own:

intriguing

adjective

very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious:

intrinsic

adjective

being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing:

introduce

verb [ T ]

to speak or write before the beginning of a performance, programme or book and give information about it; to tell an audience about the person who is going to speak, sing, etc. :

introvert

noun [ C ]

someone who is shy, quiet, and prefers to spend time alone rather than often being with other people

intrude

verb [ I ]

to go into a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be:

intruder

noun [ C ]

someone who is in a place or situation where they are not wanted:

someone who enters a place without permission in order to commit a crime:

intrusion

noun [ C or U ]

an occasion when someone goes into a place or situation where they are not wanted or expected to be:

intuition

noun [ C or U ]

(knowledge from) an ability to understand or know something immediately based on your feelings rather than facts:

invade

verb

[ T ] to spoil a situation or quality for another person without thinking about their feelings:

invariably

adverb

always:

invasion

noun [ C or U ]

an occasion when a large number of people or things come to a place in an annoying and unwanted way:

an action or process that affects someone’s life in an unpleasant and unwanted way:

invitation

noun

[ S ] an action that causes or encourages something to happen:

invite

verb [ T ]

to act in a way that causes or encourages something to happen or someone to believe or feel something:

ironic

adjective

interesting, strange, or funny because of being very different from what you would usually expect:

irony

noun [ U ]

OPPOSITE RESULT

a situation in which something which was intended to have a particular result has the opposite or a very different result:

TYPE OF SPEECH

the use of words that are the opposite of what you mean, as a way of being funny:

irrational

adjective

not using reason or clear thinking:

irresistible

adjective

impossible to refuse, oppose, or avoid because it is too pleasant, attractive, or strong:

irrespective

adverb

without considering; not needing to allow for:

irreversible

adjective

not possible to change; impossible to return to a previous condition:

irritable

adjective

becoming annoyed very easily:

irritation

noun [ C or U ]

the feeling of being angry or annoyed, or something that makes you feel like this:

isolated

adjective

happening or existing only once, separate:

isolation

noun [ U ]

the fact that something is separate and not connected to other things:

issue

verb [ T ]

to produce or provide something official:

at issue

most important in what is being discussed: