I
(138 words)
tip of the iceberg
a small, noticeable part of a problem, the total size of which is really much greater:
icily
idle
adjective
NO PURPOSE
[ before noun ] without any particular purpose:
LAZY
uk lazy and not willing to work:
idol
noun [ C ]
a picture or object that people pray to as part of their religion:
ignorance
noun [ U ]
lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something:
ignorant
adjective
not having enough knowledge, understanding, or information about something:
illiterate
adjective
unable to read and write:
illusion
noun
[ C or U ] an idea or belief that is not true:
[ C ] something that is not really what it seems to be:
illustration
noun [ C or U ]
an example that explains or proves something:
image
noun
[ C ] a picture in your mind or an idea of how someone or something is:
imitation
noun
[ C ] a copy:
immature
adjective
disapproving not behaving in a way that is as calm and wise as people expect from someone of your age:
imminent
adjective
coming or likely to happen very soon:
immortal
adjective
living or lasting for ever:
very special and famous and therefore likely to be remembered for a long time:
immune
adjective
[ after verb ] not affected or upset by a particular type of behaviour or emotion:
immune system
noun [ C usually singular ]
the cells and tissues in the body that make it able to protect itself against infection
impact
noun [ C usually singular, U ]
the force or action of one object hitting another:
impatience
noun [ U ]
the feeling of being annoyed by someone’s mistakes or because you have to wait:
the feeling of wanting something to happen as soon as possible:
imperative
adjective
extremely important or urgent:
implication
noun
[ C or U ] an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly:
[ U ] an occasion when you suggest or show that someone is involved in a crime:
implicit
adjective
suggested but not communicated directly:
imply
verb [ T ]
to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly:
formal to involve something or make it necessary:
as sth implies
used to show that the name, etc. of something tells you something about it:
import
noun
[ U ] also importation the action of bringing goods or fashions into a country:
impossible
adjective
An impossible situation is extremely difficult to deal with or solve:
An impossible person behaves very badly or is extremely difficult to deal with:
impossibility
imprisonment
noun [ C or U ]
the act of putting someone in prison or the condition of being kept in prison:
impulse
noun
[ C + to infinitive ] a sudden strong wish to do something:
on (an) impulse
because you suddenly want to, although you haven’t planned to:
impulsive
adjective
showing behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have:
the ins and outs
the detailed or complicated facts of something:
incentive
noun [ C or U ]
something that encourages a person to do something:
inclination
noun
[ C or U ] a feeling that you want to do a particular thing, or the fact that you prefer or are more likely to do a particular thing:
inclined
adjective [ after verb, + , to, infinitive ]
likely or wanting to do something:
artistically, technically, etc. inclined
having natural artistic, technical, etc. ability:
inconceivable
adjective
impossible to imagine or think of:
incorporate
verb [ T ]
to include something as part of something larger:
incur
verb [ T ]
to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken:
incurable
adjective
not able to be cured:
indeed
adverb
used to add some extra information that develops or supports something you have just said:
indefinitely
adverb
for a period of time with no fixed end:
indicator
noun [ C ]
something that shows what a situation is like:
indifference
noun [ U ]
lack of interest in someone or something:
indifferent
adjective
not thinking about or interested in someone or something:
indirect
adjective
happening in addition to an intended result, often in a way that is complicated or not obvious:
indispensable
adjective
Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without it, him, or her:
indisputable
adjective
true, and impossible to doubt:
individual
noun [ C ]
a person who thinks or behaves in their own original way:
individuality
noun [ U ]
the qualities that make a person or thing different from others:
indulge
verb
[ I or T ] to allow yourself or another person to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you:
industrious
adjective
An industrious person works hard:
inequality
noun [ C or U ]
the unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people:
inexplicable
adjective
unable to be explained or understood:
infancy
noun [ U ]
the time when someone is a baby or a very young child:
be in its infancy
to be very new and still developing:
infant
noun
[ C ] a baby or a very young child:
infect
verb [ T ]
If a place, wound, or substance is infected, it contains bacteria or other things that can cause disease:
infectious
adjective
(of a disease) able to be passed from one person, animal, or plant to another:
able to pass a disease from one person, animal, or plant to another:
Something that is infectious has an effect on everyone who is present and makes them want to join in:
infer
verb [ T ]
to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have:
inferior
noun [ C ]
someone who is considered to be less important than other people:
inferiority
noun [ U ]
infinite
adjective
without limits; extremely large or great:
infinitely
adverb
very or very much:
influx
noun [ C usually singular ]
the fact of a large number of people or things arriving at the same time:
inhabit
verb [ T often passive ]
to live in a place:
inherent
adjective
existing as a natural or basic part of something:
There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport.
I have an inherent distrust of lawyers.
inherit
verb
FROM DEAD PERSON
[ I or T ] to receive money, a house, etc. from someone after they have died:
QUALITY
[ T ] to be born with the same physical or mental characteristics as one of your parents or grandparents:
inheritance
noun [ C usually singular, U ]
money or objects that someone gives you when they die:
inhibition
noun
[ C or U ] a feeling of embarrassment or worry that prevents you from saying or doing what you want:
inhuman
adjective
extremely cruel:
not human in an unusual or frightening way:
initiate
verb [ T ]
formal to cause something to begin:
injection
noun [ C or U ]
DRUG
the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person’s body using a needle and a syringe (= small tube):
SOMETHING NEW
the introduction of something new that is necessary or helpful to a situation or process:
to add insult to injury
said when you feel that someone has made a bad situation worse by doing something else to upset you:
They told me I was too old for the job, and then to add insult to injury, they refused to pay my expenses!
innate
adjective
An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned:
innocence
noun [ U ]
the quality of not having much experience of life and not knowing about the bad things that happen in life:
innocent
adjective
(of a thing) not intended to harm anyone:
innumerable
adjective
too many to be counted:
inquiry
noun
[ C ] an official process to discover the facts about something bad that has happened:
insane
adjective
mentally ill:
insecure
adjective
(of objects or situations) not safe or not protected:
insecurity
noun
[ C or U ] a feeling of lacking confidence and not being sure of your own abilities or of whether people like you :
inseparable
adjective
If two or more people are inseparable, they are such good friends that they spend most of their time together:
inside
preposition
also inside of
If you do something or if something happens inside (of) a particular time or limit, you do it or it happens in less than that amount of time or under the limit:
adjective [ before noun ]
(of information) obtained by someone in a group, organization, or company and therefore involving special or secret knowledge:
insofar as
conjunction formal
to the degree that
insomnia
noun [ U ]
the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of time:
inspiration
noun
[ C ] a sudden good idea:
[ S ] someone that people admire and want to be like:
instinct
noun [ C or U ]
the way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it:
institution
noun
[ C ] a custom or tradition that has existed for a long time and is accepted as an important part of a particular society:
instruct
verb
[ T ] to teach someone how to do something:
instruction
noun
ORDER
[ C usually plural ] something that someone tells you to do:
TEACHING
[ U ] the teaching of a particular skill or subject:
instrument
noun [ C ]
formal a way of achieving or causing something:
intact
adjective
complete and in the original state:
not damaged:
integrity
noun [ U ]
approving the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change:
intellect
noun
[ U ] the ability to understand and to think in an intelligent way:
intellectual
noun [ C ]
a very educated person whose interests are studying and other activities that involve careful thinking and mental effort:
intellectually
adverb
in a way that relates to your ability to think and understand things, especially complicated ideas :
intense
adjective
Intense people are very serious, and usually have strong emotions or opinions:
intensely
adverb
extremely or strongly:
in a very serious way that shows strong emotions or opinions:
intensify
verb [ I or T ]
to become greater, more serious, or more extreme, or to make something do this:
intent
noun [ U ] formal or specialized
the fact that you want and plan to do something:
be intent on sth/doing sth
to be determined to do or achieve something:
a conflict of interest
a situation in which someone cannot make a fair decision because they will be affected by the result:
interference
noun [ U ]
noise or other electronic signals that stop you from getting good pictures or sound on a television or radio
interim
adjective [ before noun ]
temporary and intended to be used or accepted until something permanent exists:
interpretation
noun [ C or U ]
EXPLANATION
an explanation or opinion of what something means:
WAY OF PERFORMING
a particular way of performing a piece of music, a part in a play, etc.:
interval
noun [ C ]
a period between two events or times:
We see each other at regular intervals – usually about once a month.
the space between two points:
intervene
verb [ I ]
to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse:
intervention
noun [ C or U ]
action taken to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse:
intimate
adjective
PERSONAL
having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship:
intimate relationships
They shared an intimate physical experience.
The diary revealed several intimate details about his private life.
He’s become very intimate with an actress.
The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere.
They had dinner in the very intimate surroundings of a local restaurant.
EXPERT
(of knowledge or understanding) detailed, and obtained from a lot of studying or experience:
She has an intimate knowledge of Tuscany, where she has lived for 20 years.
into the bargain
us also in the bargain
in addition to other facts previously mentioned:
intolerable
adjective
too bad or unpleasant to deal with or accept:
intolerance
noun
[ U ] the fact of refusing to accept ideas, beliefs, or behaviour that are different from your own:
intolerant
adjective disapproving
disapproving of or refusing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own:
intriguing
adjective
very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious:
intrinsic
adjective
being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing:
introduce
verb [ T ]
to speak or write before the beginning of a performance, programme or book and give information about it; to tell an audience about the person who is going to speak, sing, etc. :
introvert
noun [ C ]
someone who is shy, quiet, and prefers to spend time alone rather than often being with other people
intrude
verb [ I ]
to go into a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be:
intruder
noun [ C ]
someone who is in a place or situation where they are not wanted:
someone who enters a place without permission in order to commit a crime:
intrusion
noun [ C or U ]
an occasion when someone goes into a place or situation where they are not wanted or expected to be:
intuition
noun [ C or U ]
(knowledge from) an ability to understand or know something immediately based on your feelings rather than facts:
invade
verb
[ T ] to spoil a situation or quality for another person without thinking about their feelings:
invariably
adverb
always:
invasion
noun [ C or U ]
an occasion when a large number of people or things come to a place in an annoying and unwanted way:
an action or process that affects someone’s life in an unpleasant and unwanted way:
invitation
noun
[ S ] an action that causes or encourages something to happen:
invite
verb [ T ]
to act in a way that causes or encourages something to happen or someone to believe or feel something:
ironic
adjective
interesting, strange, or funny because of being very different from what you would usually expect:
irony
noun [ U ]
OPPOSITE RESULT
a situation in which something which was intended to have a particular result has the opposite or a very different result:
TYPE OF SPEECH
the use of words that are the opposite of what you mean, as a way of being funny:
irrational
adjective
not using reason or clear thinking:
irresistible
adjective
impossible to refuse, oppose, or avoid because it is too pleasant, attractive, or strong:
irrespective
adverb
without considering; not needing to allow for:
irreversible
adjective
not possible to change; impossible to return to a previous condition:
irritable
adjective
becoming annoyed very easily:
irritation
noun [ C or U ]
the feeling of being angry or annoyed, or something that makes you feel like this:
isolated
adjective
happening or existing only once, separate:
isolation
noun [ U ]
the fact that something is separate and not connected to other things:
issue
verb [ T ]
to produce or provide something official:
at issue
most important in what is being discussed: